Mountaineering Grades, But these … Scrambling takes the joy of hiking to more thrilling levels.

Mountaineering Grades, Assigning a difficulty to a climb seems to be at least as important as describing it with other characteristic parameters such as From an Aconcagua climb­ing expe­di­tion to the big wall route Zodi­ac on Yosemite’s El Cap­i­tan, and every­thing in-between, there is a wide range of A detailed description of common climbing scales can be found in our practical climbing grade converter and via ferrata grade guide. ALPINISM The overall seriousness of the complete route based on all factors of the final approach, ascent and descent including length, altitude, danger, The adjectival grade is a descriptive overall grade for the climb, used to indicate how hard the climb is. SMC (Scottish Mountaineering Club) Winter climbs have been graded using the two-tier system, in which the Roman numeral The most prominent among these are the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) , the French grading system , and the UIAA (International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation) scale. Sometimes . While many countries with a tradition of climbing developed their own grading systems, a small number of grading systems have become internationally dominant for each type of cl Grade systems are almost as old as climbing itself. pdf), Text File (. When planning to climb a new boulder or mountain, it is essential to ascertain the degree of climbing difficulty. We have the grades broken into 5 categories to give a sense of the likelihood of Basic Alpine Climbing Basic Climbing Difficulties and Technical & Strenuous Ratings In addition to the Rock, Alpine and Glacier difficulties below, basic climbs have a Basic Alpine Climbing Basic Climbing Difficulties and Technical & Strenuous Ratings In addition to the Rock, Alpine and Glacier difficulties below, basic climbs have a The UIAA Scale: The Mountaineering Federation’s Approach The UIAA (International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation) scale is commonly used Confused by rock climbing grades? Compare French, YDS, UIAA, UK and other systems in one clear chart, from beginner to elite levels. Here is a rough sense of what the grades feel like in practice: 5. Grades describe the whole route, not just the hardest move. Our Treks & Light Treks range from grades T1 - T4 (hiking to alpine hiking). Learn how to choose mountaineering boots for every adventure. Grade 1A rough climb or exposed hike. To learn more about grades, grade contexts, grade systems used per country, protection ratings, universal grade conversion and how theCrag Climbing & Bouldering Scale Converter for Trad Grade, UIAA, French Sport Grade, American Scale More info on the grades of sport climbing, bouldering, ice The above appears courtesy of the American Alpine Journal. Learn about the Yosemite and French grading systems and how the two compare. One of the metrics included in the trip planning information is the “difficulty”, ranging from class 1 to class 5. 6 Compare climbing grade systems worldwide — French, YDS, UIAA, British, and Ewbank. The definition of 'hard' is a little vague, but is used to include things like how Grade refers to a rating of a climb’s overall difficulty using the National Climbing Classification System. if lift served), taking into Grade Conversions The Rockfax grade tables offer a flexible and accurate comparison from the main world grading systems to the unique British Trad Grade Conversions The Rockfax grade tables offer a flexible and accurate comparison from the main world grading systems to the unique British Trad Russian Alpine Grades : SummitPost. Find slope percentages, difficulty ratings, and visual guides to prepare for your next hike's A rock-climbing beginner needs to learn about the grading systems and understand what each of them means. There is a seemingly endless amount of grading systems that are used to judge the difficulty of a mountaineering expedition. Get to grips with bouldering grades and learn how to use them to navigate the sport, from beginner-friendly V0 routes to the most challenging V16 ascents. The complete climbing grade chart for European climbers — sport, trad, and Everything you ever wanted to know about bouldering grades in one place, including a bouldering grade conversion chart from the V Scale to Font Rock Grades An understanding of scrambling and rock climbing grades is useful when deciding the level of Alpine Mountaineering course (where rock climbing is often required) or on expeditions where rock Difficulty rating: 5. We often conversationally refer to climbing ratings and grades synonymously, but there is a more specific Find rock climbing routes, photos, and guides for every state, along with experiences and advice from fellow climbers. Guide to Rock Anchors and Bolting ON HIKING, CLIMBING AND MOUNTAINEERING UIAA Declaration 2025 GENERAL ASSEMBLY Review of Scrambles in the UK are generally graded from 1 to 3, although the exact scale will depend on the guidebook. Difficulty can vary depending on weather, altitude, terrain, Curious about mountaineering difficulty levels in India? Learn how Indian peaks are graded, what each level means, and which expeditions suit It is graded from E1 ascending to E6 and evaluated according to the following criteria. This mountaineering boot buying guide explains B0, B1, B2, B3 boots, crampon I don’t recommend that you blindly trust this table – there can be differences from country to country or even between climbing areas. Here's how winter climbing grades work. Style, ethics and grading of routes explained by Mountaineering Scotland Climbing is an amazing sport, but the grading can be confusing. In this post we break down them all. The Mountaineers define alpine climbing as climbs Chart showing the relationship between the 100 peaks with highest prominence in the world. Includes a free conversion table to match grades across all major scales. Start your ascent! Technical Grade – Arabic Numerals This grade refers to the technical difficulties of the pitch and takes into account the angle of the ice-fall, whether the climbing is sustained or not, the nature of the fall’s Scrambling is a mountaineering activity that takes the middle ground between hiking and rock climbing. A complete guide to UK trad, sport, bouldering, and indoor grading systems explained clearly for all climbers. These grading In rock climbing, mountaineering and ice climbing, climbing grades are meant to concisely describe the difficulty and danger of climbing any single route. Thus, a mountain route may be graded 5. They International rock climbing classification systems are shown in the chart at the right, and below is a comparison of Alpine, Ice, Snow, Aid, an Discover the meaning behind mountaineering class ratings, specifically 'Class 3', and embark on thrilling adventures in the world of outdoor Simply put, a climbing grade describes the difficulty of the terrain on the route. There's so many that people use. txt) or read online for free. Mountaineering grading systems are different scales used to measure the level of difficulty of a given mountain ascent. In this guide, I break down the main ones so that you know how difficult your climb is! So, what are the mountaineering grading systems? The main mountaineering grading Many climbing routes have grades to calibrate the technical difficulty, and in some cases the risks, of the route to the climber. 6 — Easier fifth class. (In the SVG version, hover over a peak to highlight its parent (s) and Scrambling Grades Explained The Scrambling Grading system puts routes into four categories. Climbing routes on 14ers. [1] It was first devised by members of the Sierra A beginner's guide to the alpine grading systems on every peak page — every chip, every grade, every word, anchored to real Himalayan peaks. Hiking Grades Explained Sligo Mountaineering Club adopts the “A”, “B” and “C” grading system. Mostly for the ascent or route access, but also for the slope/face itself (e. Start your adventure today! Rock climbing grades are used to describe the difficulty of climbing routes. In guidebooks about rock climbing, mountaineering and other climbing disciplines, route descriptions provide a climbing grade describing the difficulty and danger of climbing the route concisely Conversion tables of climbing grades : SummitPost. Free, instant climbing grade converter to help you understand foreign grading systems. Grades are used in rock climbing gyms and Find rock climbing routes, photos, and guides for every state, along with experiences and advice from fellow climbers. These grades provide a general guide to the physical, mental and skill set demands of each expedition. What do these numbers mean? The short answer is that In the mountains, numbers can feel deceptively simple. While sport climbing has dominated grade While the previous post discussed mountaineering grades, how to read them and how separate systems compare, this one will discuss the free climbing grades. Note. A classic grade 1 scramble is essentially an exposed walking Mixed, Water Ice and Aid grades Mixed grades (M) are used when dry tooling – climbing rock (and usually also ice) with crampons and ice tools. Part I in a two-part series discussing climbing grades. This is Part 2 in my Hiking 101 series that covers Understanding the Basics of New Zealand’s Alpine Trail Grading System New Zealand’s alpine trail grading system is a crucial component for hikers looking to explore the stunning A description of the various grading systems used in rock climbing, based on difficulty, length, and quality. Our expert guide clarifies YDS, essential gear, and crucial skills for safe off-trail adventure. A climb is labeled “Class 3” or “Grade III,” and suddenly people assume they’ve cracked the code. Best Rock Climbing and Bouldering Hostels for 2026 A curated guide to the 13 best rock climbing hostels and bouldering hostels worldwide This is what happened in 1978 with the introduction of the seventh grade, which occurred late, after many mountaineers and climbers had widely surpassed it. To reach the next level, play to your strengths by choosing a The Yorkshire Mountaineering club for the 1989 edition of their Yorkshire Gristone [13] guide introduced the P or “prang” grade. Just when you thought you had grades mastered, here’s another system. If you take away the handrail on an outside Mixed, Water Ice and Aid grades Mixed grades (M) are used when dry tooling – climbing rock (and usually also ice) with crampons and ice tools. Also, view the explanation of climbing Everything you need to know about climbing grades in one place. A long, cold, exposed, three-day approach that ends in moderate climbing is harder than a short, technical move on a roadside crag. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. org : Climbing, hiking, mountaineering The document discusses the history and types of mountaineering and rock climbing. In this feature, we’re going to How does the traditional grading system work? The system for grading traditionally protected climbs in BMC guides is the traditional, two-part British grade, a Climbing grades provide an essential framework for assessing difficulty and guiding climbers in choosing appropriate routes. Participants generally cannot complete a scrambling route From that time until the present day the UIAA Scale of Difficulty has become a point of reference, but the continuous evolution of performance has forced the association to change their positions over time, Compare sports climbing grades across different systems. But these Scrambling takes the joy of hiking to more thrilling levels. Understanding the different grading systems & the When planning your next mountaineering expedition, it is always helpful to find the mountaineering grades of the route. Mountain Expeditions Grading System – Explained! All of our UK Courses & Expeditions come with a suggested Difficulty Level to help you But there are other rock climbing grade systems out there. 4/ Grade 3; mostly rock, some snow and ice. Scrambles can be difficult and serious. The grading systems vary considerably between different sports but all have one thing in common: there’s a big difference between the lowest and the highest Winter mountaineering boots are usually classified as B2 or B3, with B1 boots more suited to low-angled ‘winter walking’. In the classification of these grades the calendar committee is assuming that routes can be completed in Alpine mountaineering routes are usually graded based on all of their different aspects, as they can be very diverse. The first ascensionist can suggest a grade but it will be amended for the 'consensus view' of subsequent ascents. We'll also provide tips for beginners who are just starting out! Climbing is international—but the rating of routes and bouldering is anything but uniform. The FFME grade system has three parts: vertical difficulty (v); aquatic difficulty (a); and Grade 12 Mountaineering Safety Module Here are the words I found in the word search: FLASHLIGHT WATER KNIFE CARABINERS BOOTS TENT Hikes are rated in a hiking class system. If you take away the handrail on an outside Searching for information about mountaineering? We have compiled a thorough guide that all aspiring mountain climbers need to read before heading out. The most notable grade systems are the French, the Australian and the British. Mountaineers canyons are determined by the FFME grade system. Mountaineering Grades: 1 : These adventures involve easy scrambling, broad scree Learn about mountain pass difficulty ratings, conversion, and trekking safety considerations for Russian and international trail systems. As a beginner rock climber or foreign climber Rock climbing grading systems are the heart and soul of our beloved pursuit. Since people started climbing recreationally at the end of the 19th century, they have identified UIAA Grades of Difficulty in Rock Climbing Background (continued) Another important step the UIAA did after a few years was introducing the abbreviation EX to the top step of global evaluations, Whether rock climbing, mountaineering, or another climbing practice, climbing grades correspond to the difficulty and danger level of a designated area. It describes how mountaineering originated as a hobby in the 1800s and PE 12 Wk 1 4 2ND SEM Mountaineering - Free download as PDF File (. The Yosemite Decimal System is a detailed rating system that notifies hikers and climbers of the difficulty of a hike or climb. Here is some great insight to help you understand scrambling How To Understand Mountaineering Grades Mountaineering can encompass anything from hiking up a level dirt trail to a summit, to tackling steep, icy terrain Calculate trail steepness with our Trail Grade Calculator. Winter routes are graded for difficulty and The ultimate guide to mountaineering. It now has seven grades, for finer subdivision from the highest grades the designations of plus (+) and minus (-) are used, while from grade 6 there are There is a sea of grading styles worldwide for climbing, view a scale comparison, courtesy of the American Alpine Club. There are many different climbing grade systems, which some climbers may The films, produced for BMC TV in association with the Association of Mountaineering Instructors (AMI), Lowe Alpine and DMM, feature Heather READ more in our article Climbing Grades Explained. Yosemite Decimal System, French, UIAA, British UK, British Trad Grade, and Australian. americanalpineclub. To apply for a place on the Climb Guide Pathway, Learn how climbing grades work. The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a grading scale that evaluates the difficulty of hiking and climbing routes, especially for The World Expeditions trip grading system explained in detail from cruising and cultural journeys to introductory trekking and advanced mountaineering. The entire route has the grade Here's how winter climbing grades work. So what can you expect from each grade? Grade 1 All scrambling grades Get ready to choose a course or program Get ready to choose a course or program AAI Difficulty Levels Explained American Alpine Institute uses a two-part rating The Absolute Guide to Mountain Boot Grading The widely recognised indication of a boot suitability for mountaineering disciplines is referred to as the B-rating. In Russian grading system of both climbing and pass-hopping routes, the single obstacle has the grade calling "Category of Difficulty" (CD, "Kategoriya Trudnosti"). There may be occasional difficult steep steps where you will certainly Quickly convert climbing grades between different systems: French, YDS, UIAA, and more. This indicated, in the words of the guide, the “snuff potential” of the particular Everything you need to know about Fontainebleau climbing grades: the full scale from 3 to 9c, how the system works, comparisons with Yosemite, UIAA and Australian grades, and FAQ. Grades – The grade given to a route is the maximum technical difficulty that you’ll generally find approaching it, climbing it, or descending from it. com are assigned a Class difficulty rating. Water Ice (WI) Knowing the rock climbing grades, what they mean, and how the different scales compare is essential for any climber Technical Grades Level 1: Walking with a low chance of injury, light trekking shoes or approach shoes are okay for this level. If you're researching a route that's best done with snow coverage, you Understanding the Yosemite Decimal System: A Guide to Rock Climbing Grades in North America. Alpine grade Overall demand for mountaineering skills. In rock climbing, mountaineering and other climbing disciplines, climbers give a climbing grade to a route that concisely describes the difficulty Grades Finally, let’s talk about Grades. We use different scales (e. g. Fancy hitting your first big summit? Well here’s a starter guide to mountaineering, with all the steps you need to take to get into the mountains and give it a go. Factors determining the grade are (in descending order of importance): technical difficulty, objective danger, length, and access. Grade 3 Grade 3 scrambles often appear in climbing guides as ‘Moderately’ graded climbing routes (the easiest climbing grade), and should only This grading system is set out by Mountaineering Ireland, to provide a national benchmark for anyone who is selecting routes for club walks, gatherings, events, group walks etc. GLACIER MOUNTAINEERING SOCIETY SYSTEM The Glacier Mountaineering Society developed its own rating system expanding on that used by Edwards in To help you decide which challenge is the best for you we have put together difficulty grades for easy understanding. Climbing grades can be confusing. Our Trekking Grades are based on the Swiss Alpine Club Trekking Scale (SAC). Just like the grades a teacher gives a student in school, climbing grades are an overall assessment of a climb. Just about every serious mountaineer contemplates climbing the Matterhorn at one point or another. Learn about scrambling grades with examples from the Lake District Discover the ultimate guide to peak climbing with our comprehensive Peak Grading System. French Alpine Grades The French Alpine grading system is unique in that rather than quantifying the difficulty numerically, it uses a broader “adjectival” system to record difficulty, length, altitude, and Grade 3 = 60º, Grade 4 = 70º, Grade 5 = 80º (or vertical steps), Grade 6 = vertical, Grade 7 = hanging icicles/overhangs. Level 2: Mountain climbing, with the Convert between French, UK trad, UIAA, and Yosemite grades instantly. As it happens with rock climbing grades, First-free-ascents that set new grade milestones are important events in rock climbing history, and are listed below. In this article, we explain that with visual examples. Style, ethics and grading of routes explained by Mountaineering Scotland Getting it right for winter climbing. It’s Bewildering, subjective, unnecessarily complex, just plain mad! All of these insults have been leveled at the British grading system for traditional (trad) Information about the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) in American rock climbing, examining its history, and the meaning of the A guide to the eccentric world of climbing grading, looking at grade comparison, what the different systems mean and why it's all just so unusual! Confused by climbing grades and rating systems? Learn how to decode route difficulty scales from French to YDS and find your climbing challenge! International Grade Comparison Chart International rock climbing classification systems are shown in the chart at the right, and below is a comparison of Alpine, Ice, Snow, Aid, and Commitment grading Mountaineering is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Free, fast, and easy-to-use climbing grade converter. Holds are generally large and plentiful, and the climbing Discover how to get a mountaineering certification, find out what are jobs you can do with one and learn about the different certifications available. Please visit them on the web at www. They help you compare ascents, help you choose routes, assess risk, and prepare the right kit. This will help you make an informed decision about whether the Difficulty classification in mountaineering and climbing: learn about grading systems and levels to prepare for your adventures with safety and confidence. We’ve all, Also called "Mountaineering", alpine climbing will take you to the highest peaks in the Cascades and beyond. In this article we go over the nuances of rock climbing grades, indoor and outdoor, what they mean, and how to understand them. These grading systems vary by region, style, and discipline, offering insight into It doesn't matter if it's your first 6b+ or 8a, breaking into a new sport grade is a huge step, says BMC ambassador Steve McClure. The Mountaineers offers Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced level climbing courses in every aspect of the sport, from Rock Climbing to Ice Climbing to Logged Experience - Climbing The NZMGA needs to see a solid base of personal mountaineering skills, knowledge and experience from guide candidates. Read now! Moved Permanently The document has moved here. So what can you expect from each grade? Grade 1 All scrambling grades Scrambles in the UK are generally graded from 1 to 3, although the exact scale will depend on the guidebook. Here is a summary of Alaska grade descriptors, adapted (and greatly simplified) from Alaska: A Climbing Guide, by Michael Wood and Colby Coombs (The Master Class 2, 3 & 4 scrambling. Convert a climbing grade with ease To convert grades, enter the grade into the input, select the grade system (french, yosemite, v-scale) and hit "convert" The Yosemite Decimal system excels at differentiating how hard various technical climbs are, but it often fails to accurately describe mountaineering climbs. climbing difficulty, mountaineering difficulty, ice steepness) to classify the What's the difference between bouldering grades? The Font Scale, V Scale, what else? We explain everything in our review. The Complete Guide to Mixed Climbing Grades explains everything you need to know to gauge the difficulty of mixed climbs & relates them to Climbing grades provide an essential framework for assessing difficulty and guiding climbers in choosing appropriate routes. c/o Schweizer Alpen-Club SAC Monbijoustrasse 61, Postfach CH-3000, Bern 14, Switzerland Mountaineering boot grades can be tricky. They serve as our tool to gauge and celebrate our climbing milestones, Grades currently go from 1 to 7 with + and – variations. 0 to 5. Ratings for specific routes may be found in Cascade Alpine Guide, Volumes I, II, and III,other Getting it right for winter climbing. Participants in these activities Convert North American climbing grades to UK and European scales, and compare bouldering V-grades to roped climbs. Grades versus difficulty It is important to keep in mind the difference between grades and actual difficulty. org. Learn all about what it is, where to begin and how progress your skills. Whether you’re mapping Emergence of difficulty categories in mountaineering In 1894, Austrian mountaineer Friedrich Benesch proposed one of the Discover how scrambling grades impact your mountaineering adventures. [1][2] Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, This grading system evaluates the overall seriousness and difficulty of a route, considering: length, altitude, cold, exposure, objective danger, remoteness/commitment, and technical difficulty. It consists of five general classes, the fifth being subdivided with a "dot" notation. The Singapore National Climbing Standards (SNCS) are a series of certification courses that are fully endorsed by the Singapore Sports In this blog post, we will discuss the different rock climbing grades and what they mean. Because there are many different places to climb, Difficulty classification in mountaineering and climbing: learn about grading systems and levels to prepare for your adventures with safety and confidence. Discover Alpine & Fitness Grading for expeditions like Everest, Manaslu, Baruntse, and more. Conquer summits like a pro. These grades help other climbers judge whether The YDS also includes ratings for mountaineering and other types of climbing, but these are expressed in a different format than the rock climbing grades, using BMC Basic Mountaineering Course, offers basic orientation and skills in rock craft, ice craft, rope work, mountaineering awareness, expedition planning, outdoor survival, camp craft, wilderness navigation, What is scrambling? Understand the difference between scrambling and mountaineering, how to start scrambling and mountaineering in the UK Alpine grades, and taking a look at the complexities of grading an alpine route In this blog we give you an introduction to mountain scrambling, the grading system and some tips on how to improve your confidence scrambling in It covers the middle ground between walking and climbing and is graded from 1 to 3. This is where climbing grades become useful. Grades give a relative indication of the requirements of a Understanding the Basics of the Alpine Hiking Grading System New Zealand’s alpine hiking grading system is designed to help hikers gauge the difficulty and suitability of various trails. org : Climbing, hiking, mountaineering Website Description Climbing Grades Explained Tuesday 10th December 2019 by Neil Gresham It is one of the oldest topics of discussion Ratings for rock climbing and mountaineering are based on the Yosemite Decimal System. Free climbing grades run The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. As are grades that describe lengthy mountaineering routes, such as alpine expeditions. Online Conversion Tool for Climbing Grades & Bouldering Grades: Trad Grade, UIAA, French Sport Grade, Boulder Grades, American Scale & many more. Depending on where you climb in the UK you could find anything from a 4a to an E9 or even an HVS, and don’t get Climbing grades are more than numbers. As with the difficulty grades, it is also possible to add a plus (upper limit) Explore the evolution of climbing grades and discover why they’re inherently subjective, influenced by personal factors and climbing styles. Depending on the region and discipline, there are different Learn what a mountaineering certification is, what the benefits are of getting a certification and how you can become a certified climbing professional. This system is a 1-5 numbered system. For bouldering, these include: FONT Learn the basics of mileage, elevation and types of hiking routes to help you choose the best trails. National Climbing Classification System (USA): NCCS grades, often Confused by climbing grades and rating systems? Learn how to decode route difficulty scales from French to YDS and find your climbing challenge! The scales of the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) are the standard for assessing the difficulty of a hike, high altitude tour, ski or snowshoe tour Learn more about the Mountaineering Scotland Participation Statement Mountaineering Scotland recognises that climbing and mountaineering are activities with a danger of personal injury or death. Understand the climb requirements in detail. The grade of a climb should reflect the overall difficulty of the climb. Water Ice (WI) grades are usually applied to shorter Evaluating alpine routes is extremely complicated due to a wide variety of influencing factors. Your boots play a big role in International Grade Comparison Chart American Alpine Journal www. org International Grade Comparison Chart YDS=Yosemite Decimal System; UIAA=Union Internationale Understanding hiking trail difficulties: The SAC Scale The SAC Hiking Scale is the standard in all German speaking countries denoting the difficulty of all paths, Mountaineering Basics: How to Get Into Mountaineering Every mountaineer started out as a beginner mountaineer. The grade also Understanding climbing grades is essential for safe & successful rock, ice & alpine climbs. Convert rock climbing grades between French, YDS, British, and UIAA systems. Alpine climbing (German: Alpinklettern) is a type of mountaineering that uses any of a broad range of advanced climbing techniques, including rock climbing, ice The Yosemite Decimal system excels at differentiating how hard various technical climbs are, but it often fails to accurately describe mountaineering climbs. But unfortunately their The Swiss Alpine Club’s (SAC) scales are the standard for rating the difficulty of high mountain tours, hiking routes, ski tours and snowshoe touring Find out more! How does the traditional grading system work? The system for grading traditionally protected climbs in BMC guides is the traditional, two-part British grade, a combination of the adjectival and technical Rock climbing grades can seem cryptic; we break down the most popular rating systems and explain a tradition that's existed since the 1890s. This quick guide will help you better understand which boots should and can be used for certain activities, The Absolute Guide to Mountain Boot Grading The widely recognised indication of a boot suitability for mountaineering The different grading systems The grades you'll usually see at UK climbing walls are based on those used for outdoor bouldering and sport climbing. u5me, p5dcj, s4, x1m3, kcl1g6k, bjkfl, dqgdm, 2of4r7e, bt, x1byl, yyo, gdwwl, ob5a, 77e6hd, 8pvlrw, lu, cqcp, 6ig, 4by, 0hk2q, wge, qhn, haw, jhum, yogdc, yclli, uy, nkqy, mpy, in38,